PENGAWASAN KEKUASAAN EKSEKUTIF DALAM PERSEFEKTIF FIQH SIYASAH DAN SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA

Abstract

Supervision of executive power is one of the most important aspects of government administration in ensuring that public authority is exercised in accordance with the principles of justice, accountability, transparency, and the rule of law. Effective supervision is necessary to prevent abuse of power, corruption, collusion, nepotism, and other forms of governmental misconduct that may harm public interests. In modern constitutional systems, executive oversight is implemented through various mechanisms involving legislative institutions, judicial bodies, independent state agencies, and public participation as part of the checks and balances principle. Meanwhile, from the perspective of Islamic Political Jurisprudence (Fiqh Siyasah), supervision of rulers and government officials has been recognized since the early development of Islamic governance through the concepts of amar ma’ruf nahi munkar (enjoining good and forbidding evil), shura (consultation), justice, accountability, and the responsibility of leaders before Allah SWT and society. This study aims to examine the concept of executive power supervision from the perspective of Fiqh Siyasah and the constitutional system, as well as to analyze the relevance and contribution of Islamic supervisory principles to contemporary governance practices. The research employs a normative legal research method using conceptual and statutory approaches supported by an extensive literature review. The findings reveal that both Fiqh Siyasah and modern constitutional systems place significant emphasis on supervision as a mechanism for maintaining governmental accountability and preventing the concentration and misuse of power. In Fiqh Siyasah, supervision is rooted in ethical, moral, and religious values, whereas constitutional systems rely on legal frameworks and institutional mechanisms established by the constitution and legislation. Despite differences in their foundations and implementation methods, both systems pursue the same objective: the realization of a just, transparent, responsible, and people-oriented government. Therefore, the integration of supervisory values derived from Fiqh Siyasah with modern constitutional oversight mechanisms can contribute to strengthening democratic governance, promoting good governance, enhancing public trust in government institutions, and ensuring the protection of public welfare in state administration.