PROGRAM MAKAN BERGIZI GRATIS (MBG) DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIQH SIYASAH: ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK BERBASIS MAQASID AL- SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Food insecurity and disparities in access to high-quality nutrition continue to pose crucial challenges to Indonesia's national development. To address these structural issues, addressing nutritional needs through domestic interventions has become an urgent agenda requiring both theoretical and practical legitimacy. This study aims to examine the significance and implementation of the free nutritious food program within public policy, by deeply exploring governance based on Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh siyasah) and the methodology of public welfare. Using qualitative methods based on library research, this study synthesizes various authoritative literature, state policy documents, and contemporary Islamic legal thought in a descriptive-analytical manner. The results indicate that the free nutritious food program should not be viewed reductively as a mere charitable instrument, but rather as a concrete manifestation of the ruler's constitutional responsibility (siyasah syar'iyyah) to promote social welfare. Axiologically, this policy reflects the fulfillment of primary needs (al-dharuriyyat) in line with the universal principles of sharia protection, including preserving the soul (hifz al-nafs) from the threat of malnutrition, optimizing the intellectual potential of the younger generation as a form of mind protection (hifz al-aql), and ensuring a quality of life to maintain the continuity of descendants (hifz al-nasl). This study concludes that the institutionalization of the maqasid al-shari'ah dimension into public policy formulation in Indonesia is capable of constructing a social security system that is not only adaptive to social realities but also possesses strong moral resilience and accountability.​