PERAN SAHABAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN HUKUM ISLAM

Abstract

The development of Islamic law in the early period cannot be separated from the role of the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). After the passing of the Prophet, the Companions became the primary references in determining Islamic legal rulings through their understanding of the Qur’an and Sunnah, as well as through the practice of ijtihad in addressing new issues that were not explicitly regulated. This study aims to examine the role of the Companions in the development of Islamic law, particularly through the methods of ijtihad, ijma’, and qiyas that they applied. The research employs a library research method with historical and normative approaches, utilizing classical and contemporary sources in the fields of fiqh and usul al-fiqh. The findings indicate that the Companions made significant contributions to establishing the foundations of Islamic law through legal opinions (fatwas), legal policies, and judicial practices. Differences of opinion among the Companions also played an important role in fostering the dynamism and flexibility of Islamic law. Thus, the role of the Companions was not merely transmissive but also creative and constructive in developing Islamic law in accordance with the social context of their time.