PENGARUH POLITIK TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM ISLAM DI MASA KLASIK

Abstract

This study aims to provide an in-depth examination of the influence of political factors on the development of Islamic law during the classical period, spanning the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, the Umayyad dynasty, and the Abbasid dynasty. During this time, Islamic law did not evolve in isolation from socio-political realities; instead, it developed alongside shifts in political authority that shaped the role of scholars, the formulation of legal rulings, and the emergence of major schools of jurisprudence. Using a historical-analytical approach, this research explores how political policies, changes in leadership, and state interests affected legal methodologies, the growth of intellectual centers, and the rise of prominent jurists. The findings indicate that political stability created a supportive environment for the advancement of Islamic legal thought, including the codification of hadith and the structured development of various schools of law. Conversely, political tensions—such as internal conflicts and factional rivalries—often limited scholarly independence and contributed to differing legal orientations influenced by political pressures or alignments. This study further highlights that the relationship between scholars and political authorities was neither purely oppositional nor entirely subordinate, but rather dynamic and mutually influential, shaping the trajectory of Islamic legal authority. Therefore, it is concluded that political factors played a crucial and inseparable role in the formation of Islamic law during the classical period, and their impact continues to be reflected in Islamic legal traditions today.