MODEL KEPEMIMPINAN PADA MASA KHALIFAH UMAR BIN KHATTAB

Abstract

This article examines the leadership model of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab as a formative period in the development of Islamic governance. His leadership was marked by rapid territorial expansion, administrative consolidation, and the institutionalization of justice-oriented governance. This study aims to analyze the core principles underlying Umar’s leadership and the administrative reforms he implemented to ensure political stability and social welfare. Using a qualitative library-based method with a historical-analytical approach, the study draws on classical Islamic sources and contemporary scholarly literature. The findings indicate that Umar ibn al-Khattab’s leadership was grounded in justice, consultative decision-making (shūrā), accountability, and moral integrity. His reforms included the establishment of an organized provincial administration, judicial independence, financial management through the Bayt al-Māl, and the standardization of the Hijri calendar. This article argues that Umar’s leadership represents an early model of adaptive and ethical governance that integrates normative Islamic principles with pragmatic state administration. The study contributes to contemporary discourse by highlighting the continued relevance of Umar’s leadership model for modern public governance and leadership ethics.