MEKANISME PENGANGKATAN PEMIMPIN DALAM SEJARAH POLITIK UMAT ISLAM

Abstract

Abstract

This study explores the mechanisms of leadership succession in the political history of the Islamic ummah, tracing the transition of leadership from the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs (Khulafāʾ al-Rāshidīn) to the shift toward monarchical systems. Using a qualitative approach and literature review method, this research examines both classical Islamic texts and contemporary academic works. The findings reveal that there was no single model of leadership selection in Islamic history. Instead, various methods such as limited consultation, direct appointment, and council-based decisions were employed. Fundamental principles such as shūrā (consultation), amānah (trust), and justice served as the core values in these processes. Furthermore, Islamic leadership is shown to encompass not only political and administrative dimensions but also moral, spiritual, and transcendental responsibilities as a divine trust. This study contributes to the discourse of fiqh siyasah and offers insights into leadership models in Islam that are contextually relevant to modern challenges